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Ethical aspects of handling data acquired from experiments on people
Constable, Marika ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Sousedík, Prokop (referee)
The presented master's thesis examines experiments on humans conducted in Nazi concentration camps during WWII and focuses on the conflict between the victims on one side and scientists on the other. In this conflict, which is centered around the fate of the data, both sides take a strong stand. The criteria for an ethical evaluation is to objectively articulate the main argumentation pillars from both sides and assess their validity in the contrast of two ethical theories which are virtue theory and the theory of consequentialism. To reach this objective, the thesis draws from available literal and audio-visual sources from the fields of history, philosophy, psychology, anthropology and bioethics. The paper is divided into three main parts. The first part is dedicated to terminology, technical execution, integrity, impact and logistics of the experiments. The second part analyzes victim testimonies and impact statements and arguments that had been put forward by the research community. The third part deals with the meaning of the term person's dignity/KAVOD, evaluates the argument points in the contrast of ethical theories, introduces the phenomenon of cognitive dissonance and deliberates the scientific community stance. Keywords Bioethics, cognitive dissonance, concentration camps,...
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Use of African Americans in Medical Experimentation: Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
Vondrášková, Tereza ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Mertová, Viktorie (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis deals with the topic of experimental studies on African Americans in the United States during twentieth century. As a racially discriminated group, African Americans have long been abused in a number of experiments. Due to segregation, especially in medical facilities, experimental treatments were performed without informed consent of the patient; experiments with radiation were also performed in medical facilities; drugs, cosmetics and the effects of diseases on human body were tested in prisons and many more. The Thesis aims to describe these different types of experiments and discover how and whether the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s was influenced by these experiments. The Thesis is divided into two parts, the first part reflects a broader view of the issue and its subchapters represent different types of experiments along with specific examples, while the second part examines the syphilis experiments in Tuskegee, which is, because of its scope, length and influence one of the most infamous symbols of unethical experimentation on African American subjects. The work concludes that due to the lack of information about the ongoing experiments and their revelation in the early 1970s, therefore after the end of the Civil Rights Movement, use of African Americans...
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